List of Israeli assassinations

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This article is about targeted killings allegedly performed by Israel. For violent incidents in in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, see Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

This article or section contains unconfirmed rumors and/or speculation.
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The following is a list of assassinations reported to have been conducted by the State of Israel. It includes attempts on notable persons who were reported to have been specifically targeted by the various Israeli security, intelligence and law enforcement agencies.
Some refer to assassinations as targeted killings. The former Legal Advisor to the State Department Judge Sofaer, states that

...killings in self-defense are no more "assassinations" in international affairs than they are murders when undertaken by our police forces against domestic killers. Targeted killings in self-defense have been authoritatively determined by the federal government to fall outside the assassination prohibition.^[1]

This characterization is criticized by many, including Amnesty^[2] and the American Civil Liberty Union.^[3] ACLU refers to targeted killing programs as

an illegal program in which people far from any battlefield are determined to be enemies of the state and killed without charge or trial.

Some of the listed killings were denied by Israel. Most fall within a series of campaigns, including Operation Wrath of God (launched in response to the 1972 Munich massacre), Israeli actions in the wake of the al-Aqsa Intifada (2000–), and strikes during the 2008–09 Gaza War. The policy of targeted killings is known in Hebrew as "focused foiling" (Hebrew: סיכול ממוקד sikul memukad).

1950s

Date	Place	Target	Description	Action	Killer
July 13, 1956	Gaza Strip	Mustafa Hafez	Egyptian Army Lieutenant-Colonel responsible for recruiting refugees to carry out attacks in Israel.	Parcel bomb[4]
July 14, 1956	Amman	Salah Mustafa	Egyptian Military attache	Parcel bomb[4]

1960s

Date	Place	Target	Description	Action	Killer
September 11, 1962	Munich, Germany	Heinz Krug	West German rocket scientist working for Egypt's missile program	Abducted from his company offices on Munich's Schillerstrasse, his body was never found. Swiss police later arrested two Mossad agents for threatening the daughter of another scientist and found that they were responsible for the killing. Part of Operation Damocles.	Mossad[5][6]
November 28, 1962	Heluan, Egypt	5 Egyptian factory workers	Workers employed at Factory 333, an Egyptian rocket factory.	Letter bomb sent bearing Hamburg post mark. Another such bomb disfigured and blinded a secretary. Part of Operation Damocles.	Mossad[6]
February 23, 1965	Montevideo, Uruguay	Herberts Cukurs	Aviator who had been involved in the murders of Latvian Jews during the Holocaust	Lured to and killed in Montevideo by agents under the false pretense of starting an aviation business.	Mossad[7]

1970s

Date	Place	Target	Description	Action	Killer
July 25, 1972	Beirut	Attempted killing of Bassam Abu Sharif	Member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine who held a press conference with Ghassan Kanafani during the Dawson's Field hijackings justifying the PFLP's actions.	He lost four fingers, and was left deaf in one ear and blind in one eye, after a book sent to him that was implanted with a bomb exploded in his hands.[8][9][10]	Mossad[9]
October 16, 1972	Rome	Abdel Wael Zwaiter	Libyan embassy employee and PLO representative, considered by Israel to be a terrorist for his alleged role in the Black September group and the Munich massacre[11]	Shot by two gunmen in his apartment.[10]	Mossad
July 8, 1972	Beirut	Ghassan Kanafani	Palestinian writer and a leading member of the PFLP, and claimed to be one of the planners behind the Lod Airport massacre[12]	Killed by car bomb.	Mossad
December 8, 1972	Paris	Mahmoud Hamshari	PLO representative in France and coordinator of the Munich Olympic Games massacre.[13]	Killed by bomb concealed in his telephone.[10]
January 24, 1973	Nicosia	Hussein Al Bashir	Fatah representative in Nicosia, Cyprus	Killed by bomb in his hotel room bed.[10]
April 6, 1973	Paris	Basil Al-Kubaissi	PFLP member and American University of Beirut law professor	Killed by two gunmen.[10]
April 9, 1973	Beirut	Muhammad Youssef Al-Najjar	Black September Operations officer and PLO official	Killed during Operation Spring of Youth.	Sayeret Matkal
April 9, 1973	Beirut	Kamal Adwan	Black September commander and member of the Fatah central committee[14]	Killed during Operation Spring of Youth.	Sayeret Matkal
April 9, 1973	Beirut	Kamal Nasser	PLO spokesman	Killed during Operation Spring of Youth.	Sayeret Matkal
April 11, 1973	Athens	Zaiad Muchasi	Fatah representative to Cyprus	Killed in hotel room.[10]
June 28, 1973	Paris	Mohammad Boudia	Black September operations officer	Killed by pressure-activated mine under his car seat.[10]
July 21, 1973	Lillehammer, Norway	Attempted killing of Ali Hassan Salameh	High-ranked leader in the PLO and Black September who was behind the 1972 Munich Olympic Games massacre[15]	Ahmed Bouchiki, an innocent waiter believed to be Ali Hassan Salameh, killed by gunmen. Known as the Lillehammer affair.	Mossad
March 28, 1978	German Democratic Republic	Wadie Haddad	PFLP commander, who masterminded several plane hijackings in the 1960s and 1970s.[16]	Killed by a poisoned chocolate, sent to him, which caused his death several months later.	Claimed to be Mossad (Israel never claimed responsibility)[16]
July 26, 1979	Cannes	Zuheir Mohsen	Leader of the pro-Syria as-Sa'iqa faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization	Shot in the front of casino.	Mossad
January 22, 1979	Beirut	Ali Hassan Salameh	High-ranked leader in the PLO and Black September who was behind the 1972 Munich Olympic Games massacre[15]	Killed by car bomb,[10] along with four bodyguards and four innocent bystanders.	Mossad

1980s

Date	Place	Target	Description	Action	Executor
June 13, 1980	Paris	Yehia El-Mashad	Egyptian nuclear scientist, lecturer at Alexandria University	Killed in his room at the Méridien Hotel in Operation Sphinx.[17][18]:23 Marie-Claude Magal, prostitute, client of El-Meshad, pushed under a car and killed in the Boulevard Saint-Germain.[18]:24	Mossad
August 21, 1983	Athens	Mamoun Meraish	Senior PLO official	Shot in his car from motorcycle.[19]	Mossad
June 9, 1986	Athens	Khalid Nazzal	Secretary of the DFLP (Democratic Front for Liberation of Palestine)	Assassinated in Athens by Mossad agents who enter Greece with fake passports, shot Nazzal while leaving his hotel, and fled the country.	Mossad
April 16, 1988	Tunis	Abu Jihad	Second-in-command to Yassir Arafat	Killed in Tunis Raid.[10]	Israeli commandos

1990s

Date	Place	Target	Description	Action	Executor
March 20, 1990	Brussels	Gerald Bull	Canadian engineer and designer of the Project Babylon "supergun" for the Iraqi government	Shot at door to his apartment	Mossad (speculation and denied by Israel)[20]
February 16, 1992	Lebanon	Abbas al-Musawi	Secretary-General of Hezbollah	Killed in his car convoy by missiles launched from two Israeli helicopters.[10]
June 8, 1992	Paris	Atef Bseiso	Palestinian official involved in Munich Massacre	Shot several times in the head at point-blank range by 2 gunmen, in his hotel (Aaron Klein's "Striking Back")	Mossad
October 26, 1995	Sliema, Malta	Fathi Shaqaqi	Head of Palestinian Islamic Jihad	Shot and killed in front of Diplomat Hotel.[10]
January 6, 1996	Gaza Strip	Yahya Ayyash	"The Engineer", Hamas bombmaker	Killed by bomb in cell phone.[10]	Shabak
September 25, 1997	Amman	Khaled Mashaal (failed attempt)	Hamas political leader	Attempted poisoning. Israel provided antidote, after pressure by Clinton. Canada withdrew Ambassador.	Two Mossad agents with Canadian passports arrested

2000s

Date	Place	Target	Description	Action	Executor
November 22, 2000	Gaza Strip	Jamal Abdel Raziq	Senior official of the Fatah faction Tanzim	Killed with driver, Awni Dhuheir, when their car was fired upon by IDF troops. Two bystanders in car in front of them also killed (Sami Abu Laban, 29, baker, and Na'el Al Leddawi, 22, student).[21][22]	IDF
December 17, 2000	Qalandiyya	Samih Malabi	Senior Fatah member	Mobile phone bomb.	It is unclear whether he had been killed by his own explosive device or by Israeli security forces.[23]
February 3, 2001	Gaza Strip	Massoud Ayyad	Lieutenant-colonel in Force 17, who allegedly led a Hezbollah cell involved in firing on Jewish settlements, plotting to kidnap Israeli soldiers and smuggling arms.[24]	Killed while driving in Jabaliya refugee camp by three helicopter-launched rockets.[25]
June 24, 2001	Nablus	Osama Jawabiri	Member of al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade	Bomb planted in public phone
July 17, 2001	Bethlehem	Omar Saada	Izzedine al-Qassam Brigades regional commander	Two wire-guided missiles fired into his home. One other Hamas member killed.
July 31, 2001	Nablus	Jamal Mansour	High-ranking official of Hamas' West Bank political wing	Killed when office struck by helicopter-launched missiles.[26]
August 5, 2001	Tulkarm	Amr Hadiri	Hamas student activist	Missiles fired at car.
August 20, 2001	Hebron, West Bank	Imad Abu Sneneh	Leader of Tanzim	Shot and killed.[27]	Israeli undercover team
August 27, 2001	Ramallah, West Bank	Abu Ali Mustafa	Secretary General of the PFLP	Killed in his office by two missiles fired from an Apache helicopter.	IAF
January 14, 2002	Tulkarem, West Bank	Raed Karmi	Head of al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades	Killed by blast.[28]
January 22, 2002	Nablus, West Bank	Yusif Suragji	West Bank head of Izzaddinal_Qassam Brigades. Three other Hamas members also killed. Palestinian Authority claims it was an assassination.[29]	Killed in a raid on an alleged explosives factory.[29]	Israeli army
January 24, 2002	Khan Yunis, Gaza strip	Adli Hamadan (Bakr Hamdan)	Senior Hamas member	missile attack on car.[29]	Israeli Air Force
February 4, 2002	Rafah	Ayman Bihdari	DFLP member wanted for 25 August 2001 raid in which three Israeli soldiers were killed.	missile attack on car. Four other DFLP members killed.[29]	Israeli Air Force
March 5, 2002	Ramallah	Mohammad Abu Halawa and Fawzi Murrar	Wanted AMB members	Missile fired at car from helicopter.[30]
June 24, 2002	Rafah	Yasir Raziq, 'Amr Kufa.	Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades leaders.	Missiles fired at two cars. Four other Palestinians killed.
July 22, 2002	Gaza City	Salah Shahade	Leader of Hamas Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades	Killed by 2,205-pound explosive dropped by F-16. The attack also killed fourteen other Palestinians including his wife and 9 children.
August 6, 2002	Jenin	Ali Ajuri, Murad Marshud	al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades members.	Killed by air to surface missile.
August 14, 2002	Tubas	Nassa Jarrar	Senior Hamas member.	Rockets fired into house from helicopters. The victim was wheelchair bound.
March 8, 2003	Gaza City	Ibrahim al-Makadmeh		He and three of his aides killed by helicopter-fired missiles
August 21, 2003	Gaza Strip	Ismail Abu Shanab	High-ranking Hamas official[31]	Missile strike
December 25, 2003	Gaza Strip	Mekled Hameid	PIJ commander.	Helicopter gunship attack on car. Two PIJ members and two bystanders also killed.	IAF
February 28, 2004	Jabaliya refugee camp	Muhammad Judah	PIJ military commander	Missiles at his car. Two passengers are also killed and eleven bystanders wounded.[32]
March 3, 2004	Gaza City	Tarad Jamal, Ibrahim Dayri and Ammar Hassan	Senior Hamas members	Missiles from helicopter fired at car.[33]
March 22, 2004	Gaza Strip	Ahmed Yassin	Co-founder and leader of Hamas	He, 2 bodyguards, and 9 bystanders killed by Israeli Air Force AH-64 Apache-fired Hellfire missiles.[34]	IAF
April 17, 2004		Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi	Co-founder and leader of Hamas, and successor of Ahmed Yassin as leader of Hamas after his death	Killed by helicopter-fired missiles, along with his son.
October 21, 2004	Gaza	Adnan al-Ghoul	Hamas weapons expert	He and Imad Abbas killed when Apache helicopter fired missiles at their car.
May 25, 2006	Sidon, Lebanon	Mahmoud al-Majzoub	Commander of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad	Injured in car bombing, and died the next day. Islamic Jihad blamed Israel, though Israel denied it.[35]
June 8, 2006		Jamal Abu Samhadana	Founder of the Popular Resistance Committees militant group, a former Fatah and Tanzim member, and number two on Israel's list of wanted terrorists.[36]	Killed by Israeli airstrike, along with at least three other PRC members.[37][38]
February 12, 2008	Damascus	Imad Mughniyah	Top Hezbollah commander	Killed by car bomb. Some news reports indicated the Mossad was responsible,[39] though Israel denied carrying it out.[40]
August 1, 2008		Muhammad Suleiman	Syrian General, and top liaison between Syria and Hezbollah	Killed by sniper fire. Israel never takes credit for the killing, but is widely suspected.[41][42]
January 1, 2009		Nizar Rayan	Top Hamas military commander and decision maker, who advocated suicide attacks against Israel[43]	Killed in Israeli airstrike, along with his 4 wives and 11 of their children. He is the most senior Hamas member to be killed since 2004. According to Israel, Rayan was not the target, rather, the strike aimed to destroy Hamas' central compound which included several buildings that served as storage sites for weapons. Israel further stated that phone warnings were delivered to the residents.[43][44]
January 3, 2009		Abu Zakaria al-Jamal	Senior Hamas military wing commander, and leader of Gaza City's rocket-launching squads[45]	Killed in Israeli airstrike.[46]
January 15, 2009	Jabalia	Said Seyam	Hamas Interior Minister	Killed in Israeli airstrike with his brother, his son, and Hamas general security services commander Salah Abu Shrakh.[47]
March 4, 2009	Gaza Strip	Khaled Shalan	Senior member of Islamic Jihad	Killed in Israeli airstrike, in retaliation for[dubious – discuss] Palestinian rocket attacks on the Israeli city of Ashkelon.[48]	IAF

2010s

Date	Place	Target	Description	Action	Executor
January 12, 2010	Iran	Masoud Alimohammadi	Iranian nuclear scientist	Killed in a car bomb.	Mossad (Alleged)
January 19, 2010	Dubai	Mahmoud al-Mabhouh	Hamas senior military commander, believed to have been involved in smuggling weapons and explosives into Gaza.[49]	Widely reported to have been killed by Israeli intelligence members. Israel stated that there is no proof of its involvement, and refused to confirm or deny the allegations.[50] Dubai police report that Israeli agents used Australian, French, British, Irish, and Dutch passports.	Mossad (Speculation)
July 31, 2010	Gaza Strip	Issa al-Batran	Hamas military commander in central Gaza, thought to have been involved in manufacturing rockets	Killed in retaliation for earlier rocket attack on city of Ashkelon[51]	IAF
November 3, 2010	Gaza Strip	Mohammed Nimnim	al-Qaeda affiliated, Army of Islam commander[52]	Car explosion, due to either a bomb planted by Israel or an Israeli airstrike.[53]	IAF, with Egyptian intelligence
November 17, 2010	Gaza Strip	Islam Yassin	al-Qaeda affiliated, Army of Islam commander[54]	Israeli airstrike on his car, killing him, his brother, and injuring four others.[55]	IAF
November 29, 2010	Iran	Majid Shahriari	Iranian nuclear scientist	Killed in a car bomb. According to the German newspaper Der Spiegel Israel was behind the killing.[56]	Mossad (Alleged)
November 29, 2010	Iran	Attempted killing of Fereydoon Abbasi.	Iranian nuclear scientist	Wounded in a car bomb.[57][58]	Mossad (Alleged)
January 11, 2011	Gaza Strip	Mohammed A-Najar	Islamic Jihad operative, suspected of planning attacks against civilians and launching rockets at Israel[59]	Attacked by the Israel Airforce while driving his motorcycle in the Gaza Strip.[59]	IAF
April 9, 2011	Gaza Strip	Tayseer Abu Snima	Senior Hamas commander	Killed along with 2 of his bodyguards by the Israeli air force during a period of escalated rocket fire from Gaza. He was the most senior Hamas commander killed since 2009.[60]	IAF
July 23, 2011	Iran	Darioush Rezaeinejad	Iranian nuclear scientist	Killed by unknown gunmen on motorcycle. The German Newspaper Der Spiegel claimed Mossad was behind the operation. He is the third Iranian nuclear scientist killed since 2010.[61]	Mossad (Alleged)
August 18, 2011	Gaza Strip	Abu Oud al-Nirab and Khaled Shaath	Popular Resistance Committees Commanders	Killed hours after a terrorist attack killed 7 Israelis in southern Israel. 4 additional members of the group were killed in the strike.[62]	IAF, Shin Bet
January 11, 2012	Iran	Mostafa Ahmadi-Roshan	Iranian nuclear scientist	The bomb that killed Ahmadi-Roshan at the Natanz uranium enrichment facility, and another unidentified person was a magnetic one and the same as the ones previously used for the assassination of the scientists, and the "...work of the Zionists [Israelis]," deputy Tehran governor Safarali Baratloo said.[63] [64][65]	Mossad (Alleged)
March 9, 2012	Gaza Strip	Zuhir al-Qaisi	Secretary-General of the Popular Resistance Committees	According to Israeli intelligence, he was planning an imminent attack.[66]	IAF
November 14, 2012	Gaza Strip	Ahmed Jaabari	Commander of Hamas' military wing	Killed in an airstrike at the start of Operation Pillar of Cloud. Led Hamas' 2007 takeover of the Gaza Strip and, according to Israel, was responsible for most attacks on Israel originating in Gaza from about 2006 to 2012, including the kidnapping of Gilad Shalit.[67]	IAF

References

1. ^ Abraham D. Sofaer (March 26, 2004). "Responses to Terrorism / Targeted killing is a necessary option". The San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
2. ^ name=USA: 'Targeted killing' policies violate the right to life|url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/research/reports/usa-%E2%80%98targeted-killing-policies-violate-the-right-to-life%7Cdate=16 November 2012
3. ^ name=Targeted Killings|url=http://www.aclu.org/national-security/targeted-killings%7Cdate=16 November 2012
4. ^ ^{a b} Burns, Lieutenant-General E.L.M. (1962) Between Arab and Israeli. George G. Harrap. Page 164
5. ^ Sirrs, Owen L. (January 2006). Nasser and the missile age in the Middle East. Routledge. p. 61.
6. ^ ^{a b} Lavy, George (October 1996). Germany and Israel: moral debt and national interest. Routledge. p. 63.
7. ^ Josifs S̆teimanis (2002). History of Latvian Jews (Illustrated, revised ed.). East European Monographs. ISBN 0-88033-493-2, 9780880334938.
8. ^ Guerin, Orla (June 29, 2002). "BBC Article". BBC News. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
9. ^ ^{a b} Palestinians' Way Forward Al Jazeera English, June 19, 2009
10. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} Israeli “Hits” On Terrorists, Jewish Virtual Library, last updated December 18, 2007. Retrieved December 24, 2007.
11. ^ Bar-Zohar, Michael & Eitan Haber. Massacre in Munich. The Lyons Press, 2005, p. 146
12. ^ Stich, Rodney. "FBI, CIA, the Mob, and Treachery". 2007. p.188
13. ^ Strategic intelligence, Volume 1 By Loch K. Johnson, p. 67
14. ^ The terrorist list: A-K, By Edward Mickolus. p.28
15. ^ ^{a b} "Death of a Terrorist". Time Magazine. 1979-02-05. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
16. ^ ^{a b} Poisoned Mossad chocolate killed PFLP leader in 1977, says book. Middle East Times. May 6, 2006
17. ^ http://www.science.co.il/ilan-ramon/Osiraq.pdf Ford, Peter S., Major, USAF, "Israel's Attack on Osiraq: A Model for Future Preventive Strikes?", INSS Occasional Paper 59, USAF Institute for National Security Studies, USAF Academy, Colorado, July 2005, p. 15
18. ^ ^{a b} Ostrovsky, Victor, "By Way of Deception: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer", St. Martin's Press, New York, 1990, p. 23f.
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35. ^ PIWP database: Assassination of Majzoub brothers in Sidon
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37. ^ [1], Haaretz, June 8, 2006.
38. ^ [2], Yediot Acharonot, June 8
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40. ^ Powell, Robyn (February 26, 2008). "Israel denies assassinating Hizbollah chief". London: The Telegraph. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
41. ^ Yoav Stern (August 3, 2008). "Sniper kills Syrian Pres. Assad's Hezbollah liaison". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2009-05-08.
42. ^ Harel, Amos (September 28, 2010). "ANALYSIS / In bombing Sudan, Israel sends message to Iran". Haaretz. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
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44. ^ Factual and Legal Aspects, IMFA, July 2009
45. ^ Israeli ground troops enter Gaza
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53. ^ Anshel Pfeffer, Avi Issacharoff and News Agencies (November 3, 2010). "Israel claims assassination of top Islamist militant in Gaza". Haaretz.
54. ^ Avi Issacharoff (November 17, 2010). "IDF kills senior Gaza militant planning to abduct Israelis in Sinai". Haaretz.
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56. ^ Robert Zeliger (August 2, 2011). "Report: Mossad behind string of assassinations in Iran". Foreign Policy.
57. ^ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/bomb-blast-blamed-on-israel-and-us-kills-iran-nuclear-scientist-2146996.html
58. ^ http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/sabotaging-iran-s-nuclear-program-mossad-behind-tehran-assassinations-says-source-a-777899.html
59. ^ ^{a b} "Israeli air strike kills one Palestinian in Gaza". Thaindian News. Jan 12 2011.
60. ^ Kevin Flower (April 9, 2011). "Arab League meeting urged over Gaza". CNN.
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63. ^ The Express Herald Tribune's reporter Web Desk (February 10, 2012). "Mossad training hit-squads in Iran to kill nuclear scientists: Report.". Tribune.
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65. ^ BBC's reporter Mohsen Asgari (January 11, 2012). "A university lecturer and nuclear scientist has been killed in a car explosion in north Tehran.". BBC.
66. ^ http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4201508,00.html
67. ^ Kershner, Isabel; Fares Akram (14 November 2012). "Ferocious Israeli Assault on Gaza Kills a Leader of Hamas". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 November 2012.